Abstract. The article discusses the main parameters of the Russian national idea: the desire for equality and justice (“live by the truth”) and support for the statehood, a strong state power. These elements can be in balance and harmony, and they can irreconcilably conflict with each other, which most often leads to unrest and social disorder. The multinational population of Transnistria, in which Russians, Moldovans and Ukrainians are equally represented (about one third), identifies itself to the Orthodox Russian world, seeks independence from its neighbors (Moldova and Ukraine) from the nationalistic aspirations, builds statehood in accordance with the canons of the Russian idea. This ensures inter-ethnic harmony and peace, despite the very complex socio-political conditions and external pressure.