Abstract. The idea of the creation of a man was very important and popular in the culture of twentieth century. Many translations of the most popular Collodi’s tale «The Adventures of Pinocchio» were published in Russia. Alexey Tolstoy created his own tale «The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino» based on Collodi’s story, which had a great influence on the development of the genre of fairytale and formation of soviet literature for children. Despite of the obvious echoes of the literary situation of the previous literary tradition in Tolstoy’s text, the Soviet criticism had not noticed it.