Abstract. The article considers the specificity of the anthropological interpretation of the Other by C. Levi-Strauss and evaluates two approaches to the inclusion of persons with disabilities into the general education process in connection therewith. The first approach discusses the issue of inclusion on the base of the social construction of reality concept, the second one proceeds from the medical approach to the subject matter. The comparison of those two approaches allows revealing general limitations of their methodology, which remains within the confines of naturalistic sign interpretations and does not discuss the issue of the sign function origin in the process of human historical development and individual ontogenesis.