Abstract. The article is devoted to the phenomenon of forgetting and memory in culture. Particular attention is paid to forgetting as one of the most important tools for shaping a new culture and a new identity and the special role of the enforced forgetting in this process. The article focuses on the fact that any political toolkit, which includes both oblivion and memory, remains historically unchanged. Another aspect of the interaction between the processes of remembering and forgetting is exemplified by addressing to the so-called “difficult loci” of memory and their rescuing from forgetting. In these processes, the interaction between historical research, collective memory, and restoration of historical justice is particularly important.